This has shown that traditional characters, particularly those of venation. These ferns, in biological terms, are nothing but the pteridophytes, belonging to the division pteridophyta of the plant kingdom. Unsubscribe from ch09 life sciences, botany, zoology, bioscience. Gymnosperms are found in boreal and temperate forests. Structural characteristics of lignin in primitive pteridophytes. As against this, natural classification systems developed, which were based on natural affinities among the organisms and consider, plant kingdom c hapter 3 3. Rhynia, horneophyton as well as many living primitive vascular plants e. Occurrence and evolution of pteridophytes biology boom. Characteristics of pteridophytes, morphology of pteridophytes, reproduction of pteridophytes, homosporous and heterosporous pteridophytes, megaspore and microspores, gametophytes of pteridophytes, fertilization, zygote and embryo of. Pteridophyta general characteristics, classification and stelar system pteridophyta are the most primitive vascular plants. The following separation of the main growth forms of pteridophyta is proposed. The pteridophytes ferns and fern allies pteridophytes are vascular plants and have leaves known as fronds, roots and sometimes true stems, and tree ferns have full trunks. Plant kingdom multiple choice questions and answers mcq. They include mostly evergreen trees like conifers and cycads.
Characteristics of pteridophytes, morphology of pteridophytes, reproduction of pteridophytes, homosporous and heterosporous pteridophytes, megaspore and microspores, gametophytes of pteridophytes, fertilization, zygote and embryo of pteridophytes, life cycle. To know more about what are gymnosperms, its characteristics, classification, examples and life cycle of gymnosperms, keep visiting byjus website. The modern classification of pteridophytes have been suggested by many scientist according to the sporne1975 pteridophytes have been classified into six classes. On the basis of their anatomy jeffrey in 1902 divided the vascular plants into two types or stocks. Some of the characters of pteridophytes are as follows. However, the pteridophytes differ from mosses and seed plants in that both generations are independent and freeliving. Pteridophytes, also known as vascular cryptogams and ferns and fern allies, comprise about 12 000 species of vascular plants that do not produce. They are the first evolved plant group with vascular tissue system for the conduction of water and food materials. The pteridophyta form one of the main divisions of the embryophyta. They do not produce flowers and they are regarded as primitive seed plants. Pteridophyta is the most highly evolved group among the cryptogams. What are euphylls and how did they most likely evolve. Characteristics of seedless vascular plants sciencing.
Abstract our understanding of the evolution of primitive land plants is overviewed. Plant body is a sporophyte 2n and differentiated into true stem, leaves and roots. The pteridophytes show heteromorphic alternation of generation. Pteridophyta general characteristics, classification and. In this article we will discuss about the characters and economic importance of pteridophytes.
The term bryophyta is used as a collective name to represent a group of plants that includes the mosses musci, hornworts and liverworts hepaticae growing predominantly in amphibious environment. They formed the dominant part of the earths during palaeozoic and mesozoic periods on soral evolution. Occurrence and evolution of pteridophytes with its origin and economic importance in pteridophyta is a group of ancient plants. And among the first of the plants to truly live on land were the pteridophytes. Older taxonomists divided the vascular plants in two divisionspteridophyta primitive vascular plants with absence of seeds and spermatophyta presence of seeds. Pteridophyta living in water are known as hydrophyte, sticking in other plants are called epiphyte and living in residue or waste of other plants are known as saprophyte. In certain pteridophytes the sporangia are produced within specialized structure, the sporocarps e. Haeckel 1866 called these groups of plants as pteridophytes because of their pinnate or feather like fronds leaves.
It is the simplest and most primitive type of protostele. Summary and conclusions pteridophytes are one of the most ancient plants. Difference between bryophytes and pteridophytes bryophytes. Pteridophytes general characters and life cycle of ferns email.
They dont have conducting tissues for transportation of water and minerals. Pteridophytes or pteridophyta, in the broad interpretation of the term, are vascular plants plants with xylem and phloem that reproduce and disperse via spores. The following four types of protosteles are recognized in pteridophytes. Difference between bryophytes and pteridophytes major. Similar to the life cycle of seed plants, the pteridophytes also involves the alternation of generations in its life cycle.
As with all plants, in pteridophytes, meiosis is sporic, meaning that cells of the sporophyte undergo meiosis and generate spores that then develop into the gametophyte via mitosis. Classification of pteridophytes for a long time the division pteridophyta includedthe ferns, lycopods and horsetails. Pteridophyta do not produce seeds but they produce spores. They are the vascular plants those having xylem and phloem tissues that reproduce by releasing spores rather than seeds, and they include the highly diverse true ferns and other graceful, primarily forestdwelling plants. The pteridophytes have attracted the attention of botanists perhaps more than any other group of plants. Evolutionary innovations, such as the appearance of different heteromorphic. Pteridophytes pteridophtyes are a phylum of plants. Vascular plants, also called higher plants, make up some 90 percent of the plant kingdom. The megaspore and microspore germinate to give rise female and male gametophyte respectively. It consists of a solid xylem core with smooth circular outline, which is surrounded by a ring of phloem. Ferns can be used to illustrate the life cycle stages common to all pteridophytes. The sporophyte is the conspicuous and familiar plant body.
In pteridophytes, gametes are produced via mitosis from special cells of the gametophyte. Even today, many tribal communities and rural populations are dependent heavily upon the natural resources obtained from the surrounding forest regions for treatment of various ailments and diseases. The sporangium in all pteridophytes is initiated by the laying down of a crosswall in a superficial cell or a group of cells. When you think of forests and woods, you can picture trees, abundant lush green ferns, and other plants.
Pteridophytes general characteristics easybiologyclass. Pteridophytes are seedless and they procreate through spores. All above characters were studied from the selected ferns from. Pteridophytes are a group of primitive land plants belongs to the cryptogams. Pteridophytes ferns and fern allies the plant list. They are psilopsida, psilotopsida, lycopsida, sphenopsida, pteropsida and progymnospermopsida. The most characteristic feature of the pteridophytes is the presence. All pteridophytes have a true alternation of generations, in which a dominant sporophyte generation produces spores through meiosis, and a freeliving gametophyte generation forms gametes egg and sperm by mitosis. The pteridophytes constitute the primitive vascular plant group and found scattered all over the world. Pteridophytes general characters ppt general characteristics, life cycle and reproduction of pteridophytes ppt what are pteridophytes. Multiple choice questions on pteridophytes mcq biology.
The sexuality of pteridophytic gametophytes can be classified as follows. As they produce neither flowers nor seeds, they are referred to as cryptogams. The medicinal uses of some ferns and pteridophytes of india have also been described in some of the recent studies caius, 1935. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Although each group is genetically very different they each share some common adaptations which have led to. The bryophytes are a division of plants that includes all nonvascular, land plants and can be split into three groups. Most pteridophytes are terrestrial and grow in moist and shady places while some flourish well in open, dry places especially in xeric conditions. What is the lasting form of pteridophytes, the gametophyte or the. Most pteridophytes are terrestrial and grows in moist and shady places while some flourish well in open dry places.
Seedless vascular plants have the same tissue but reproduce by spores and lack flowers and seeds. Difference between pteridophytes and gymnosperms major. Although each group is genetically very different they each share some common adaptations which have led to them currently being clumped together as bryophytes. The best of the compendium on medicinal uses of 61 different ferns and fernallies of western ghats has been prepared by benjamin and manickam, 2007. Pteridophytes general characteristics general characters of pteridophytes the vascular cryptogams pteridophytes are plants with feather like leaves. They have developed specialized tissue that transports water and nutrients to all parts of the plant. Pteridophyta characteristics, life cycle, classification. Selaginella species abstract the lignin chemical structures of eight species of the selaginella family, which are primitive vascular plants, were characterized by alkaline nitrobenzene oxidation, acidolysis, and ozonation. Because pteridophytes produce neither flowers nor seeds, they are sometimes referred to as cryptogams, meaning that their means of reproduction is hidden. The delimitation of families of extant pteridophytes had been very controversial in the past but a consensus has been emerging on overall relationships, based largely on molecular data from the chloroplast genome. Bryophytes are primitive land plants that grow on moist shady places.
Eichler 1883 divided the plant kingdom into cryptogamia and phanerogamia. Rhynia, cooksonia as well as in many living pteridophytes e. A concept based exclusive material pteridophytes, gymnosperms. Mcq quiz on plant kingdom multiple choice questions and answers on plant kingdom mcq questions on plant kingdom objectives questions with answer test pdf for interview preparations, freshers jobs and competitive exams. There are also some purely aquatic ferns such as water fern or water velvet salvinia molesta and mosquito ferns azolla species.
The pteridophytes occupy the intermediate position in between the bryophytes on one hand and the phanerogams on the other. Gymnosperms are divided into three different classes. Sachs 1868 for the first time classified pteridophytes according to the type of spores they possess into homosporous and heterosporous pteridophytes, and. The fossil records of pteridophytes show that they were abundant,forming a dominant vegetation of the earths flora, in the palaeozic and devonion age,about 350,000,years ago. Instead, the water and minerals flow from the surface of the plant cell to cell in the plants body.
Jan 23, 2017 introduction and definition the pteridophytes gk. In this lesson, well discover the characteristics, classification, and life cycle of the group pteridophyta, which includes plant species like ferns and horsetails. Due to discovery of the fossil plants, the classification of pteridophytes has undergone vast changes in the recent past. Few of them grow in water and others in bogs, moist walls, rocks and tree trunks. Pteridophytes do not have seeds or flowers either, instead they also reproduce via spores. Each of these can be divided into life forms according to a series of morphological and other characters. Engler 1909 included the bryophyta and pteridophyta under embryophyta. They are the most primitive of seeds plants and can live in a variety of environments. The different species of selaginella are grown as the garden plants. The cryptogamia was further divided into thallophyta. It is speculated that life began in the oceans, and through millions of years of evolution, life slowly adapted on to dry land. A pteridophyte is a vascular plant with xylem and phloem that disperses spores.
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